Formatarea continutului
Cateva exemple concrete de formatare/preformatare a continutului
CSS classes
CSS classes based in Bootstrap can be applied to any content created in the theme.
Typography
Headings
All HTML headings, <h1>
through <h6>
, are available. .h1
through .h6
classes are also available, for when you want to match the font styling of a heading but still want your text to be displayed inline.
h1. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 32px |
h2. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 28px |
h3. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 24px |
h4. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 20px |
h5. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 16px |
h6. Bootstrap heading |
Semibold 12px |
Create lighter, secondary text in any heading with a generic <small>
tag or the .small
class.
h1. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h2. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h3. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h4. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h5. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
h6. Bootstrap heading Secondary text |
Body copy
Bootstrap's global default font-size
is 14px, with a line-height
of 1.428. This is applied to the <body>
and all paragraphs. In addition, <p>
(paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of half their computed line-height (10px by default).
Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.
Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
Lead body copy
Make a paragraph stand out by adding .lead
.
Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.
Marked text
For highlighting a run of text due to its relevance in another context, use the <mark>
tag.
You can use the mark tag to highlight text.
Deleted text
For indicating blocks of text that have been deleted use the <del>
tag.
This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.
Strikethrough text
For indicating blocks of text that are no longer relevant use the <s>
tag.
This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.
Inserted text
For indicating additions to the document use the <ins>
tag.
This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.
Underlined text
To underline text use the <u>
tag.
This line of text will render as underlined
Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.
Small text
For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the <small>
tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own font-size
for nested <small>
elements.
You may alternatively use an inline element with .small
in place of any <small>
.
This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.
Bold
For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.
The following snippet of text is rendered as bold text.
Italics
For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.
The following snippet of text is rendered as italicized text.
Alternate elements
Feel free to use <b>
and <i>
in HTML5. <b>
is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while <i>
is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.
Alignment classes
Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.
Left aligned text.
Center aligned text.
Right aligned text.
Justified text.
No wrap text.
Transformation classes
Transform text in components with text capitalization classes.
Lowercased text.
Uppercased text.
Capitalized text.
Abbreviations
Stylized implementation of HTML's <abbr>
element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a title
attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover and to users of assistive technologies.
Basic abbreviation
An abbreviation of the word attribute is attr.
Initialism
Add .initialism
to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.
HTML is the best thing since sliced bread.
Addresses
Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work. Preserve formatting by ending all lines with <br>
.
1355 Market Street, Suite 900
San Francisco, CA 94103
P: (123) 456-7890Full Name
first.last@example.com
Blockquotes
For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.
Default blockquote
Wrap <blockquote>
around any HTML as the quote. For straight quotes, we recommend a <p>
.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
Blockquote options
Style and content changes for simple variations on a standard <blockquote>
.
Naming a source
Add a <footer>
for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in <cite>
.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
Alternate displays
Add .blockquote-reverse
for a blockquote with right-aligned content.
Lists
Unordered
A list of items in which the order does not explicitly matter.
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
- Consectetur adipiscing elit
- Integer molestie lorem at massa
- Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
- Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
- Phasellus iaculis neque
- Purus sodales ultricies
- Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
- Ac tristique libero volutpat at
- Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
- Aenean sit amet erat nunc
- Eget porttitor lorem
Ordered
A list of items in which the order does explicitly matter.
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
- Consectetur adipiscing elit
- Integer molestie lorem at massa
- Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
- Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
- Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
- Aenean sit amet erat nunc
- Eget porttitor lorem
Unstyled
Remove the default list-style
and left margin on list items (immediate children only). This only applies to immediate children list items, meaning you will need to add the class for any nested lists as well.
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
- Consectetur adipiscing elit
- Integer molestie lorem at massa
- Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
- Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
- Phasellus iaculis neque
- Purus sodales ultricies
- Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
- Ac tristique libero volutpat at
- Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
- Aenean sit amet erat nunc
- Eget porttitor lorem
Inline
Place all list items on a single line with display: inline-block;
and some light padding.
- Lorem ipsum
- Phasellus iaculis
- Nulla volutpat
Description
A list of terms with their associated descriptions.
- Description lists
- A description list is perfect for defining terms.
- Euismod
- Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
- Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
- Malesuada porta
- Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Horizontal description
Make terms and descriptions in <dl>
line up side-by-side. Starts off stacked like default <dl>
s, but when the navbar expands, so do these.
- Description lists
- A description list is perfect for defining terms.
- Euismod
- Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
- Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
- Malesuada porta
- Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
- Felis euismod semper eget lacinia
- Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.
Auto-truncating
Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column with text-overflow
. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.
Code
Inline
Wrap inline snippets of code with <code>
.
<section>
should be wrapped as inline.User input
Use the <kbd>
to indicate input that is typically entered via keyboard.
To edit settings, press ctrl + ,
Basic block
Use <pre>
for multiple lines of code. Be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering.
<p>Sample text here...</p>
You may optionally add the .pre-scrollable
class, which will set a max-height of 350px and provide a y-axis scrollbar.
Variables
For indicating variables use the <var>
tag.
y = mx + b
Sample output
For indicating blocks sample output from a program use the <samp>
tag.
This text is meant to be treated as sample output from a computer program.
Tables
Basic example
For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class .table
to any <table>
. It may seem super redundant, but given the widespread use of tables for other plugins like calendars and date pickers, we've opted to isolate our custom table styles.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry | the Bird |
Striped rows
Use .table-striped
to add zebra-striping to any table row within the <tbody>
.
Cross-browser compatibility
Striped tables are styled via the :nth-child
CSS selector, which is not available in Internet Explorer 8.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry | the Bird |
Bordered table
Add .table-bordered
for borders on all sides of the table and cells.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry | the Bird |
Hover rows
Add .table-hover
to enable a hover state on table rows within a <tbody>
.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry | the Bird |
Condensed table
Add .table-condensed
to make tables more compact by cutting cell padding in half.
# | First Name | Last Name | Username |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mark | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Jacob | Thornton | @fat |
3 | Larry the Bird |
Contextual classes
Use contextual classes to color table rows or individual cells.
Class | Description |
---|---|
.active |
Applies the hover color to a particular row or cell |
.success |
Indicates a successful or positive action |
.info |
Indicates a neutral informative change or action |
.warning |
Indicates a warning that might need attention |
.danger |
Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action |
# | Column heading | Column heading | Column heading |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
2 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
3 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
4 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
5 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
6 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
7 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
8 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
9 | Column content | Column content | Column content |
Conveying meaning to assistive technologies
Using color to add meaning to a table row or individual cell only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers. Ensure that information denoted by the color is either obvious from the content itself (the visible text in the relevant table row/cell), or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .sr-only
class.
Responsive tables
Create responsive tables by wrapping any .table
in .table-responsive
to make them scroll horizontally on small devices (under 768px). When viewing on anything larger than 768px wide, you will not see any difference in these tables.
Vertical clipping/truncation
Responsive tables make use of overflow-y: hidden
, which clips off any content that goes beyond the bottom or top edges of the table. In particular, this can clip off dropdown menus and other third-party widgets.
Firefox and fieldsets
Firefox has some awkward fieldset styling involving width
that interferes with the responsive table. This cannot be overriden without a Firefox-specific hack that we don't provide in Bootstrap:
For more information, read this Stack Overflow answer.
# | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
2 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
3 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
# | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading | Table heading |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
2 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
3 | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell | Table cell |
Buttons
Button tags
Use the button classes on an <a>
, <button>
, or <input>
element.
Context-specific usage
While button classes can be used on <a>
and <button>
elements, only <button>
elements are supported within our nav and navbar components.
Links acting as buttons
If the <a>
elements are used to act as buttons – triggering in-page functionality, rather than navigating to another document or section within the current page – they should also be given an appropriate role="button"
.
Cross-browser rendering
As a best practice, we highly recommend using the <button>
element whenever possible to ensure matching cross-browser rendering.
Among other things, there's a bug in Firefox <30 that prevents us from setting the line-height
of <input>
-based buttons, causing them to not exactly match the height of other buttons on Firefox.
Options
Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.
Conveying meaning to assistive technologies
Using color to add meaning to a button only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers. Ensure that information denoted by the color is either obvious from the content itself (the visible text of the button), or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .sr-only
class.
Sizes
Fancy larger or smaller buttons? Add .btn-lg
, .btn-sm
, or .btn-xs
for additional sizes.
Create block level buttons—those that span the full width of a parent— by adding .btn-block
.
Active state
Buttons will appear pressed (with a darker background, darker border, and inset shadow) when active. For <button>
elements, this is done via :active
. For <a>
elements, it's done with .active
. However, you may use .active
on <button>
s (and include the aria-pressed="true"
attribute) should you need to replicate the active state programmatically.
Button element
No need to add :active
as it's a pseudo-class, but if you need to force the same appearance, go ahead and add .active
.
Anchor element
Add the .active
class to <a>
buttons.
Disabled state
Make buttons look unclickable by fading them back with opacity
.
Button element
Add the disabled
attribute to <button>
buttons.
Cross-browser compatibility
If you add the disabled
attribute to a <button>
, Internet Explorer 9 and below will render text gray with a nasty text-shadow that we cannot fix.
Anchor element
Add the .disabled
class to <a>
buttons.
We use .disabled
as a utility class here, similar to the common .active
class, so no prefix is required.
Link functionality caveat
This class uses pointer-events: none
to try to disable the link functionality of <a>
s, but that CSS property is not yet standardized and isn't fully supported in Opera 18 and below, or in Internet Explorer 11. In addition, even in browsers that do support pointer-events: none
, keyboard navigation remains unaffected, meaning that sighted keyboard users and users of assistive technologies will still be able to activate these links. So to be safe, use custom JavaScript to disable such links.
Images
Responsive images
Images in Bootstrap 3 can be made responsive-friendly via the addition of the .img-responsive
class. This applies max-width: 100%;
, height: auto;
and display: block;
to the image so that it scales nicely to the parent element.
To center images which use the .img-responsive
class, use .center-block
instead of .text-center
. See the helper classes section for more details about .center-block
usage.
SVG images and IE 8-10
In Internet Explorer 8-10, SVG images with .img-responsive
are disproportionately sized. To fix this, add width: 100% \9;
where necessary. Bootstrap doesn't apply this automatically as it causes complications to other image formats.
Image shapes
Add classes to an <img>
element to easily style images in any project.
Cross-browser compatibility
Keep in mind that Internet Explorer 8 lacks support for rounded corners.
Helper classes
Contextual colors
Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes. These may also be applied to links and will darken on hover just like our default link styles.
Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.
Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.
Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
Dealing with specificity
Sometimes emphasis classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In most cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your text in a <span>
with the class.
Conveying meaning to assistive technologies
Using color to add meaning only provides a visual indication, which will not be conveyed to users of assistive technologies – such as screen readers. Ensure that information denoted by the color is either obvious from the content itself (the contextual colors are only used to reinforce meaning that is already present in the text/markup), or is included through alternative means, such as additional text hidden with the .sr-only
class.
Contextual backgrounds
Similar to the contextual text color classes, easily set the background of an element to any contextual class. Anchor components will darken on hover, just like the text classes.
Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.
Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
Dealing with specificity
Sometimes contextual background classes cannot be applied due to the specificity of another selector. In some cases, a sufficient workaround is to wrap your element's content in a <div>
with the class.
Conveying meaning to assistive technologies
As with contextual colors, ensure that any meaning conveyed through color is also conveyed in a format that is not purely presentational.
Close icon
Use the generic close icon for dismissing content like modals and alerts.
Carets
Use carets to indicate dropdown functionality and direction. Note that the default caret will reverse automatically in dropup menus.
Quick floats
Float an element to the left or right with a class. !important
is included to avoid specificity issues. Classes can also be used as mixins.
Center content blocks
Set an element to display: block
and center via margin
. Available as a mixin and class.
Clearfix
Easily clear float
s by adding .clearfix
to the parent element. Utilizes the micro clearfix as popularized by Nicolas Gallagher. Can also be used as a mixin.
Showing and hiding content
Force an element to be shown or hidden (including for screen readers) with the use of .show
and .hidden
classes. These classes use !important
to avoid specificity conflicts, just like the quick floats. They are only available for block level toggling. They can also be used as mixins.
.hide
is available, but it does not always affect screen readers and is deprecated as of v3.0.1. Use .hidden
or .sr-only
instead.
Furthermore, .invisible
can be used to toggle only the visibility of an element, meaning its display
is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document.
Screen reader and keyboard navigation content
Hide an element to all devices except screen readers with .sr-only
. Combine .sr-only
with .sr-only-focusable
to show the element again when it's focused (e.g. by a keyboard-only user). Necessary for following accessibility best practices. Can also be used as mixins.
Image replacement
Utilize the .text-hide
class or mixin to help replace an element's text content with a background image.